Fingernail System for Use with Capacitive Touchscreens

ABSTRACT

Capacitive fingernail systems adapted to fit on a fingernail and for use with a capacitive touchscreen, as well as methods of creating such systems, are disclosed. The capacitive fingernail system may include a conductive base layer secured to the fingernail, a conductive upper layer, and a dielectric medium between the base and upper layers. The capacitive fingernail system stores an amount of charge that is sufficient to permit the fingernail to successfully interact with a capacitive touchscreen. Also disclosed is a fingernail stylus for use with a capacitive touchscreen, having a shaped conductive device that is pre-formed so that it can be secured to a curvature of a fingernail. The shaped conductive surface transfers an effective amount of electrical energy to successfully interact with a capacitive touchscreen. Preferably, the capacitive fingernail systems are sized and shaped to fit unobtrusively on a fingernail without interfering with everyday activity.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.14/775,409, filed 11 Sep. 2015, which is a national stage filing under35 U.S.C. §371 based upon international application no.PCT/US2014/028995, filed 14 Mar. 2014 and published on 18 Sep. 2014under international publication no. WO 2014/144538, which claimspriority to U.S. provisional application No. 61/793,834, filed 15 Mar.2013. Each of the foregoing applications is hereby incorporated byreference as though fully set forth herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION a. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to methods and apparatus fordata input, and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus forpermitting manual input though use of a fingernail with a capacitivetouchscreen.

b. Background Art

Many methods for manual input of data and commands to computers are inuse today, but perhaps the most widely used system involves input ofinformation using a capacitive sensing touchscreen (or simply“capacitive touchscreens”) in combination with either a stylus or simplythe user's fingers. Digital audio players, mobile phones, and tabletcomputers utilize capacitive sensing touchscreens to receive input fromusers. For example, computer tablets can be quickly manipulated usingfingers. There are a variety of capacitive sensing technologies used inthe touchscreens of today's consumer products. The present invention isdesigned to work with those systems that permit a conductor (such as afinger) to electrically interact with a capacitive touchscreen. Whilethe details of the technology vary from system to system, generallyspeaking the human finger can be used as an input device in a variety ofways. For example, in one system, the finger can form a dynamiccapacitor with the screen that permits the device to sense the locationof the touch. In other systems, because the finger has conductiveproperties, it electrically interacts with the device to permit thedevice to determine the location of the touch.

Many professionals, however, have longer finger nails, which can pose achallenge for inputting information using capacitive touchscreens.Similarly, some users who have wide fingers may have a difficult timehitting the precise area on a screen which may be necessary to input aparticular letter that may be displayed on a capacitive touchscreen, forexample, the letter “d” as opposed to “s” or “f” which are located oneither side in a QWERTY type keyboard. Using one's finger nail, however,generally is ineffective with capacitive touchscreens. A need in the artexists to help those persons who would prefer to use finger nails tointeractive with a capacitive touchscreen.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is desirable to be able to provide a system that would permit thecreation of a capacitive finger nail system that will effectivelyinteract with a capacitive touchscreen. It is also desirable to providea method of forming a capacitive element on a finger nail that willeffectively interact with a capacitive touchscreen. Finally, it isdesirable to provide a method of utilizing a fingernail capacitivesystem to engage a capacitive touchscreen.

Disclosed herein is a capacitive fingernail system adapted to fit on afingernail having a conductive base layer that is secured to thefingernail; a dielectric medium on top of the conductive base layer; anda conductive top layer that is located on top of the dielectric medium.The capacitive fingernail system has the capacity to store an effectiveamount of charge to permit the fingernail to successfully interact witha capacitive touchscreen. Preferably, the dielectric medium is appliedat a thickness that permits storage of enough capacitance to permit thefingernail to successfully interact with a capacitive touchscreen. Theconductive base layer may be formed in a variety of ways, as one ofordinary skill in the capacitor arts would appreciate. For example, theconductive base layer may be formed using a metallic foil shaped to fiton a fingernail, or may be formed using conductive ink, or even may beformed using a polish that dries and/or is cured to form the conductivelayer. Preferably, the conductive base layer is shaped to cover thefingernail, and is preferably shaped to cover at least a distal portionof the fingernail. In an alternative embodiment, the conductive baselayer may be shaped to be located on a proximal portion of thefingernail, provided there is a conductive portion of the capacitivesystem that is located on a distal portion of the fingernail such thatit can permit a wearer to successfully interact with a capacitivetouchscreen. Similarly, the conductive top layer may be formed in avariety of ways, as one of ordinary skill in the capacitor arts wouldappreciate. For example, the conductive top layer may be formed using ametallic foil shaped to fit on a fingernail, or may be formed usingconductive ink, or even may be formed using a polish that dries and/oris cured to form the conductive layer. Preferably, the conductive toplayer is shaped to cover the fingernail, and is preferably shaped tocover at least a distal portion of the fingernail. In an alternativeembodiment, the conductive top layer may be shaped to be located on aproximal portion of the fingernail, provided there is a conductiveportion of the capacitive system that is located on a distal portion ofthe fingernail such that it can permit a wearer to successfully interactwith a capacitive touchscreen. Optionally, one or more top coats may beapplied to the capacitive fingernail system. Preferably the top coatsare conductive such that they are capable of transferring sufficientelectrical energy for the capacitive system to engage a capacitivetouchscreen. Alternatively and/or additionally, optional non-conductivecoatings may be applied provided at least a portion of the capacitivenail system located at the distal end of the nail remains exposed suchthat at least the distal portion of the system can transfer sufficientelectrical energy for the capacitive system to engage a touchscreen.Preferably, at least one or more of the optional coatings dries and/oris cured to a hardness level so as to protect the conductive top layer.Preferably, each of the conductive layers is sufficiently flexible topermit the wearer to conduct everyday tasks that require fingernails tobe flexed without damaging the capacitive nail system. Preferably thevarious coats described above are clear or at least translucent.Optionally, at least one of the coats described above is flesh toned andany coats that are applied on top of the flesh-toned coat are clear.Optionally, the one or more coats may be colored, tinted, opalescent,shimmering, translucent, metallic, and combinations thereof. Once adesired appearance is obtained, one or more clear coats may be appliedconsistent with the teachings above. Generally speaking, it is preferredthat the overall thickness of the capacitive nail system be about thesame or less than the thickness of a conventional artificial nail, andeven more desirable that it be about the same or less than the thicknessof a conventional coat of nail polish. Preferably the capacitive nailsystem is formed such that the overall thickness is less than about 0.05inches, and more preferably, less than about 0.01 inches, and even morepreferably, less than about 0.003 inches.

Also disclosed herein is a method of creating a capacitive system on afingernail. A conductive base layer is formed on the fingernail,dielectric medium is applied on top of the conductive base layer, and aconductive top layer is formed on top of the dielectric medium. Theamount of dielectric medium should be sufficient to store enough chargethat permits the fingernail to successfully interact with a capacitivetouchscreen. The step of securing a conductive base layer may comprisesecuring a conductive foil to the fingernail using an adhesive. In apreferred embodiment, the adhesive is conductive. Alternatively, thestep of securing a conductive base layer may comprise forming aconductive base layer on the fingernail using conductive ink. The stepof securing a conductive top layer may comprise securing a conductivefoil to the fingernail using an adhesive, whereby the conductive foilcovers at least a portion of the distal end of the fingernail.Alternatively, the step of securing a conductive top layer may compriseforming a conductive top layer on the fingernail using conductive ink.Optionally, one or more top coats are applied to protect the conductivetop layer. Preferably the top coat is sufficiently conductive such thata sufficient charge can be transferred to and/or from the dielectricmedium in order to provide useful input through the touchscreen.

Also disclosed herein is a method of creating a capacitive system on afingernail, comprising the steps of: securing a capacitive device to thefingernail, said capacitive device having a first conductive contact anda second conductive contact; and applying a conductive top layer that isin electrical communication with the second conductive contact. The stepof applying a conductive top layer may include securing a conductivefoil to the fingernail using an adhesive and creating an electrical pathbetween the conductive foil and the second conductive contact toensuring that the conductive foil is in electrical communication withthe second conductive contact. The step of creating an electrical pathmay be achieved by locating the conductive foil such that it makesphysical contact with the second conductive contact. Alternatively, thestep of creating an electrical path is achieved by applying a conductivemedium that extends from the conductive foil to the second conductivecontact. The method may further include the step of applying aconductive base layer on the fingernail such that the first conductivecontact of the capacitive device is in electrical communication with theconductive base layer. Alternatively, the step of applying a conductivetop layer may include applying a layer of conductive ink. Generallyspeaking, it is preferred that the overall thickness of the capacitivedevice be about the same or less than the thickness of a conventionalartificial nail, and even more desirable that it be about the same orless than the thickness of a conventional coat of nail polish.Preferably, the overall thickness of the capacitive device is less thanabout 0.05 inches, and more preferably less than about 0.01 inches, evenmore preferably less than about 0.003 inches. Optionally, one or moretop coats are applied to protect the conductive top layer. Preferablythe top coat is sufficiently conductive such that an effective amount ofcharge can be transferred to or from the dielectric medium to permituseful input through a capacitive touchscreen using a fingernail.

Also disclosed is a method of creating a capacitive system on afingernail, comprising: securing a capacitive device to the fingernail,wherein the capacitive device is capable of storing an effective amountof charge to permit the fingernail to successfully interact with acapacitive touchscreen, said fingernail having a top surface and anunderside. The capacitive device may be secured to a top surface of thefingernail, or to the underside of the fingernail. The capacitive devicemay be secured to the fingernail as a fingernail extension, or a partthereof. Optionally, the method may include applying a conductive toplayer that is in electrical communication with the second conductivecontact. The conductive top layer may be positioned to cover at least adistal portion of the fingernail to permit the fingernail to interactwith a capacitive touchscreen by transferring a sufficient charge topermit detection by a touchscreen. The step of applying a conductive toplayer may include securing a conductive foil to the fingernail using anadhesive, whereby the conductive foil covers at least a portion of thedistal end of the fingernail. Alternatively, the step of securing aconductive top layer may include forming a conductive top layer on thefingernail using conductive ink. Generally speaking, it is preferredthat the overall thickness of the capacitive device be about the same orless than the thickness of a conventional artificial nail, and even moredesirable that it be about the same or less than the thickness of aconventional coat of nail polish. Preferably, the overall thickness ofthe capacitive device is less than about 0.05 inches, and morepreferably less than about 0.01 inches, even more preferably less thanabout 0.003 inches. Optionally, one or more top coats are applied toprotect the conductive top layer. Preferably the top coat issufficiently conductive such that an effective amount of charge can betransferred in order to provide useful input through a capacitivetouchscreen using a fingernail.

Also disclosed is a capacitive fingernail system adapted to fit on afingernail, comprising: a conductive base layer that is adapted to besecured to a fingernail; a dielectric medium on top of the conductivebase layer; and a conductive top layer that is located on top of thedielectric medium. The capacitive fingernail system is designed withsufficient capacity that it can store an amount of charge to permit thefingernail to successfully and effectively interact with a capacitivetouchscreen. The conductive base layer may comprise a first metallicfoil shaped to fit on a fingernail. Optionally, the first metallic foilis shaped to cover a distal portion of the fingernail. The conductivetop layer may comprise a second metallic foil which is shaped to cover adistal portion of the fingernail. Generally speaking, it is preferredthat the overall thickness of the capacitive nail system be about thesame or less than the thickness of a conventional artificial nail, andeven more desirable that it be about the same or less than the thicknessof a conventional coat of nail polish. Preferably the capacitive nailsystem is formed such that the overall thickness is less than about 0.05inches, and more preferably, less than about 0.01 inches, and even morepreferably, less than about 0.003 inches. At least one of the conductivebase layer and the conductive top layer may comprise a layer that wasformed using conductive ink. Optionally, the system may further includeone or more conductive top coats applied to protect the conductive toplayer. Preferably, the dielectric medium is applied at a thickness thatpermits storage of enough capacitance to successfully interact with acapacitive touchscreen. The system may further utilize an epoxy tosecure the capacitive fingernail system to a fingernail. Alternatively,and/or in addition, the capacitive fingernail system may be secured tothe fingernail as a fingernail extension.

Also disclosed herein is a method of using a finger nail to effectivelyengage with a capacitive touchscreen, comprising: forming a capacitivestorage system on a finger nail; touching the finger nail to thecapacitive touchscreen to deliver an effective amount of energy toengage the touchscreen.

Also disclosed herein is a method of using a finger nail to effectivelyengage with a capacitive touchscreen, comprising: forming a capacitivestorage system on a finger nail; touching the finger nail to thecapacitive touchscreen to receive an effective amount of energy toengage the touchscreen.

Also disclosed herein is a kit for forming a capacitive finger nailsystem, comprising at least one capacitive storage device that is sizedand shaped to be secured to a fingernail system. The kit may furthercomprise an adhesive material to secure the capacitive storage device.The kit may also include one or more compositions that can be applied toform protective layers on top of the capacitive storage device. Thecapacitive storage device may be included in the form of componentparts, including, for example, a first conductive plate that is shapedto be secured to a surface of a finger nail; a dielectric medium to beapplied on top of the first conductive plate; and a second conductiveplate that is shaped to be secured on top of the dielectric medium. Thesecond conductive plate may be about the same size or larger in surfacearea than an area occupied by the dielectric medium, but to the extentthat it is larger than the dielectric, a nonconductive layer may need tobe formed between the first and second conductive plates to prevent thetwo plates from contacting each other and shorting out the electricalcircuit that would otherwise be formed. Optionally, the kit may includea software driver that can be used to reprogram the processor for thetouchscreen device in order to recognize and process the shapes thatwill likely be registered when a user contacts a capacitive touchscreenwith a fingernail. The driver may take the form of instructions and/ordata to be used by the processor associated with the user's touchscreendevice in order to process shapes and patterns specific to fingernails.

Also disclosed herein is a fingernail system for use with a capacitivetouchscreen, comprising: a shaped conductive device that is pre-formedso that it can be secured to a curvature of a fingernail. The shapedconductive device preferably has at least one conductive surfaceintended to be pressed on a surface of a capacitive touchscreen, and theat least one conductive surface has sufficient conductivity such thatthe shaped conductive device transfers an effective amount of electricalenergy to cause a change in capacitance at a location on the capacitivetouchscreen where the fingernail, to which the shaped conductive deviceis secured, presses upon the capacitive touchscreen. One or moreconductive top layers may be secured on top of the at least oneconductive surface. Optionally, the system includes a software driverthat provides information to be used by a processor to assist in therecognition and processing of shapes and patterns that are specific tothe shaped conductive device.

The foregoing and other aspects, features, details, utilities, andadvantages of the present invention will be apparent from reading thefollowing description and claims, and from reviewing the accompanyingdrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a basic capacitive storage device.

FIGS. 2-4 illustrate a method of creating a capacitive nail systemaccording to one embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 5-7 illustrate a method of creating a capacitive nail systemaccording to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 8-11 illustrate a method of creating a capacitive nail systemaccording to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 12-14 illustrate a method of creating a capacitive nail systemaccording to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 illustrates the use of an extension in connection a capacitivenail system of the present invention.

FIGS. 16-18 illustrate a method of creating a capacitive nail systemaccording to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 illustrates the use of a protective coating over a capacitivenail system.

FIGS. 20-22 illustrate a method of creating a capacitive nail systemaccording to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 illustrates the use of a protective coating over a capacitivenail system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In addition to their meanings as would be understood by those skilled inthe art, the terms below will be construed as indicated:

As used herein the term “adhesive” includes those binding agents whichare conventionally used in the nail industry, including glues, epoxycompositions and gel-based compositions. Also, as used herein, the term“polish” refers to any liquid or gel that is applied to the nail andthat dries or cures thereafter to form a dry surface. A polish can beclear, tinted, opaque, translucent, metallic, opalescent, shimmeringand/or combinations thereof. Polishes and adhesive may be applied usingknown conventional application techniques and may be subjected toevaporation and/or radiation processes (including curing via visible andultraviolet light, as well as other known techniques). Once dried orcured, the finish may be matte, shiny or flat.

Layers and films herein may be “secured to” a nail. As used herein, theterms “secured to”, “to secure” and other similar such phrases, meanthat a layer or film is placed in contact with or applied to a nail insuch a manner that the layer or film is contiguous to the nail itself orto a base layer or a top layer, either of which may itself be secured toor existing on the nail. A layer or film may be “secured to” a nail, abase layer, or a top layer even though other matter (such as anotherbase layer or another top layer) intervenes. Accordingly, matter whichis “secured to”, for example, a nail, need not actually be contiguous tothat nail.

As used herein, the term “contiguous to” is intended to convey directcontact. The phrase “one object is be ‘contiguous to’ a second object”means that one object is secured to directly, or secured such that theone object is in contact with a second object, such that there isessentially no intervening matter between the two objects.

As used herein, the terms “top layer” and “on top of” are intended toconvey relative proximity to a nail. That one layer is on “top” of areference layer means that the one layer is further in proximity to thenail than the reference layer (which may be the nail itself). Unless thecontext suggests otherwise, however, the term is not intended to conveytop-most or the upper-most layer.

Similarly, as used herein, the terms “base” and “base layer” areintended to convey relative proximity to a nail. That one layer is abase layer relative to another means that the one layer is closer inproximity to the nail than the reference layer. Unless the contextsuggests otherwise, however, the term is not intended to convey thebottom-most layer.

A detailed description of the present invention will now be described.

Capacitive touchscreens are widely used into day consumer products, andthe technology behind them has been described in numerous patents andarticles. For example, Hotelling (U.S. Pat. No. 7,663,607 and U.S.Patent Publication No. 20060097991) disclose a touch panel having atransparent capacitive sensing medium configured to detect multipletouches or near touches that occur at the same time and at distinctlocations in the plane of the touch panel. The touch panel described inHotelling monitors changes in capacitive coupling associated with thosetouch events at distinct points across the touch panel. A change incapacitance typically occurs at a capacitive coupling node when a fingeris placed in close proximity to the capacitive coupling node. It can bedescribed that the finger “steals charge” thereby affecting thecapacitance. This capacitive touchscreen is typical of what thisinvention is intended to be used with. The patents referred to above arehereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, including withoutlimitation, those passages that relate to conductive compositions andconductive inks.

While a finger being placed in contact with a capacitive touch screenresults in a change in the capacitance being monitored such that a touchevent can be identified along with its location, the change (if any)associated with the same user contacting the same capacitive touchscreen with a bare fingernail does not result in a sufficient change incapacitance so as to trigger a touch event. The result is that thetouchscreen does not recognizee the touch that occurs when a barefingernail comes into contact with the touchscreen.

The present invention is intended to permit a user to use a fingernailto effectively engage a touchscreen device by causing a change incapacitance sufficient to trigger a touch event such that thetouchscreen reacts to the fingernails contact. In particular, thepresent invention utilizes a capacitive nail system that when pressed ona touchscreen device, will change the capacitance such that thetouchscreen will recognizee a touch event. A detailed description of howto form a capacitive nail system is provided below.

Since capacitors and capacitance are relevant to the present invention,FIG. 1 illustrates the basic aspects of a simple capacitor, and a way inwhich a capacitor may be formed. A conductive base layer 10 may beinitially formed. A layer of dielectric material 20 may then be formedon top of the conductive base layer 10. A conductive top layer 30 maythen be formed over the dielectric layer 20 to form a capacitor 50.“Capacitance” is a unit of measure describing the electrical storagecapacity of a capacitor. Capacitance is measured in Farads, microFarad(millionth of a Farad), nanoFarad (billionth of a Farad or 10⁻⁹), or inpicoFarad (trillionth of a Farad or 10⁻¹²). The amount of energy thatcan be stored depends on such factors as the surface area of thedielectric substance (A), the dielectric constant (K) associated withthe dielectric substance, and the thickness (t) of the dielectric.C=KA(0.2246)/t(0.2246 is a conversion factor in English, and for Metric0.0884).

A dielectric is a material that has an ability to store electricalenergy, and a material's dielectric constant directly relates to theindividual capacity to store electrical energy. Capacitors can utilizeany dielectrics such as ceramic material, air, or even naturallyoccurring dielectrics such as mica. The dielectric layer is preferablycomprised of one or more materials having a very high dielectricconstant and low leakage current characteristics, for example, SiO₂ andSi₃N₄, with Si₃N₄ being typically preferred due to its higher dielectricconstant. Other dielectric materials can be used, however, includingthose dielectric materials that were disclosed in the patents referencedin the preceding paragraph.

Generally speaking, as a dielectric layer is used in connection with thepresent invention, it is preferred that the overall thickness of thedielectric layer be about the same or less than the thickness of aconventional artificial nail, and even more desirable that it be aboutthe same or less than the thickness of a conventional coat of nailpolish. Preferably, the total thickness of the dielectric layer for usein the present invention is less than about 0.02 inches, and morepreferably less than about 0.005 inches, and even more preferably lessthan 0.001 inches. Preferably, the overall thickness of the capacitorused in the present invention is less than about 0.05 inches, and morepreferably less than about 0.01 inches, even more preferably less thanabout 0.003 inches. The presence of additional protective layers,however, may increase the overall thickness of the nail capacitivesystem.

Capacitors are commonly-used electrical components and are used forstoring electrical energy. A capacitor is typically constructed of twoconductive plates separated by a non-conductive dielectric layer. Theamount of energy that a capacitor may store depends upon factors such assurface area and the dielectric constant of the dielectric materialbetween the plates.

Thin film and ultrathin capacitors and other ultrathin energy storingdevices are well known in the art, including methods for manufacturingthem. For example, Chow (U.S. Pat. No. 7,295,419) discloses nanofibersurface based capacitors that use nanofibers and nanofiber enhancedsuffice areas in various applications and devices. Mosley (U.S. Pat. No.7,428,138) discloses a capacitor made using carbon nanotubes. Burgener(U.S. Pat. No. 5,973,382) discloses ultrathin capacitors and methods formaking them. Jenson (U.S. Pat. No. 7,389,580) discloses ultrathinelectrolyte films and dielectric films, and ways to fabricate ultrathinenergy-storage devices. Kumar (U.S. Pat. No. 6,912,113) discloses thinfilm capacitors made using conductive polymers. Kon (U.S. PatentPublication No. 20080089012) discloses a high-energy-density capacitorin a small, ultra-thin, and easily mountable structure. Long (U.S. Pat.Nos. 7,255,924 and 7,672,114) discloses a composite that can be used inmaking capacitor electrodes and other capacitive structures. Vasudev(U.S. Pat. No. 4,509,990) discloses thin semiconductor-based capacitorsand methods for making them. Wang (U.S. Patent Publication No.20070145525) discloses MIM capacitor structures and methods ofmanufacturing them. Zheng (U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,704,188 and 8,013,371)disclose ultra-thin capacitor structures and methods for making them.The present invention contemplates use of these and other capacitivetechnologies. All documents referred to above, including all patents,patent applications, and printed publications, are hereby incorporatedby reference in their entirety, including without limitation, thosepassages that relate to capacitors, capacitive structures and methodsfor making such capacitors.

Capacitors and other capacitive storage devices for use with the presentinvention can be made using the technology disclosed in the publicationsidentified and incorporated above relating to capacitor technology. Theycould also be made using conductive layers using the technologydisclosed in the publications identified and incorporated above relatingto conductive compositions and conductive materials. Such capacitorscould utilize a variety of dielectrics disclosed in the publicationsidentified and incorporated above relating to capacitor technology, andincluding those specific dielectrics disclosed herein.

An example of how to create a capacitive nail system in accordance withone embodiment of the present invention will now be described usingFIGS. 2-4. A conductive base layer 110 is secured to the fingernail. Theconductive base layer 110 may be made of a metallic foil (e.g., made ofgold, copper, silver, and/or other conductive metals), and it may besecured using an adhesive or other bonding agent. The metallic foil witha pre-applied adhesive may also be used. Of course, the conductive baselayer 110 may be formed of other conductive materials, including,conductive ink, and other liquid, conductive materials that may be driedand/or cured to form a conductive layer. A layer of dielectric medium120 is then secured on top of the conductive base layer 110. Thedielectric medium may be applied in a variety of known ways using knowndielectric materials, and it is contemplated that the dielectric medium120 may even be formed in place. One of skill in the art will appreciatethat the surface area of the conductive base layer 110 is adjusted basedon the dielectric constant of the dielectric material used to form layer120, and the thickness of layer 120 to be formed. One of skill in theart will adjust these measures to ensure that the capacitive fingernailsystem has sufficient capacity to store an effective amount of charge topermit the fingernail to successfully interact with a capacitivetouchscreen.

A conductive top layer 130 is then secured on top of the dielectricmedium 120 to form a capacitive nail system 150. The conductive toplayer 130 may be made of a metallic foil (e.g., made of gold, copper,silver, and/or other conductive metals), and it may be secured using aconductive adhesive or other bonding agent. The metallic foil with apre-applied adhesive may also be used. Of course, the conductive toplayer 130 may be formed of other conductive materials, including,conductive ink, and other liquid, conductive materials that may be driedand/or cured to form a conductive layer. One or more layers ofconductive compositions may be applied on top of the conductive baselayer 110 prior to the application of the dielectric medium 120.Similarly, one or more layers of conductive compositions may be appliedon top of dielectric medium 120 and/or the conductive top layer 130.Moreover, such layers can be applied using any number of known methods,including for example, brushing, spraying, and extrusion. In addition,such layers can be formed using evaporation and/or radiation (includingcuring via visible and ultraviolet light, as well as other knowntechniques). While this method illustrates the creation of a capacitivestrip at the distal end of the finger nail, other shapes may be used,including, circles, ovals, and other decorative shapes. Optionally, oneor more non-conductive layers may be applied to the fingernail,provided, however, that the distal end of the capacitive nail systemremains exposed and conductive such that it can effectively engage acapacitive touchscreen.

An example of how to create a capacitive nail system in accordance withanother embodiment of the present invention will now be described usingFIGS. 5-7. A conductive base layer 210 is secured to the fingernail. Theconductive base layer 210 may be made of a metallic foil (e.g., made ofgold, copper, silver, and/or other conductive metals), and it may besecured using an adhesive or other bonding agent. The metallic foil witha pre-applied adhesive may also be used. Of course, the conductive baselayer 210 may be formed of other conductive materials, including,conductive ink, and other liquid, conductive materials that may be driedand/or cured to form a conductive layer. A layer of dielectric medium220 is then secured on top of the conductive base layer 210. Thedielectric medium may be applied in a variety of known ways using knowndielectric materials, and it is contemplated that the dielectric medium220 may even be formed in place. One of skill in the art will appreciatethat the surface area of the conductive base layer 210 is adjusted basedon the dielectric constant of the dielectric material used to form layer220, and the thickness of layer 220 to be formed. One of skill in theart will adjust these measures to ensure that the capacitive fingernailsystem has sufficient capacity to store an effective amount of charge topermit the fingernail to successfully interact with a capacitivetouchscreen. Generally speaking, it is preferred that the overallthickness of the dielectric layer be about the same or less than thethickness of a conventional artificial nail, and even more desirablethat it be about the same or less than the thickness of a conventionalcoat of nail polish. Preferably, the total thickness of the dielectriclayer for use in the present invention is less than about 0.02 inches,and more preferably less than about 0.005 inches, and even morepreferably less than 0.001 inches.

A conductive top layer 230 is then secured on top of the dielectricmedium 220 to form a capacitive nail system 250. The conductive toplayer 230 may be made of a metallic foil (e.g., made of gold, copper,silver, and/or other conductive metals), and it may be secured using aconductive adhesive or other bonding agent. The metallic foil with apre-applied adhesive may also be used. Of course, the conductive toplayer 230 may be formed of other conductive materials, including,conductive ink, and other liquid, conductive materials that may be driedand/or cured to form a conductive layer. One or more layers ofconductive compositions may be applied on top of the conductive baselayer 210 prior to the application of the dielectric medium 220.Similarly, one or more layers of conductive compositions may be appliedon top of dielectric medium 220 and/or the conductive top layer 230.Moreover, such layers can be applied using any number of known methods,including for example, brushing, spraying, and extrusion. In addition,such layers can be further subjected to evaporation and/or radiationprocesses (including curing via visible and ultraviolet light, as wellas other known techniques). While this method illustrates the creationof a capacitive device that substantially covers the entire finger nail,a capacitive device may be formed using less than substantially theentire fingernail. For purposes of ease of illustration, the conductivebase layer 210 and the conductive top layer 230 are illustrated ascovering substantially the entire nail surface, but preferably, alllayers of the present system will avoid contact with the skinsurrounding the fingernail. At most, only one of the conductive baselayer 210 and the conductive top layer 230 should be in contact with theskin surrounding the finger nail because skin is conductive, and if bothlayers were in contact, then little to no electrical energy would bestored in the capacitive device. Optionally, one or more non-conductivelayers may be applied to the fingernail, provided, however, that thedistal end of the capacitive nail system remains exposed and conductivesuch that it can effectively engage a capacitive touchscreen. Generallyspeaking, it is preferred that the overall thickness of the capacitor beabout the same or less than the thickness of a conventional artificialnail, and even more desirable that it be about the same or less than thethickness of a conventional coat of nail polish. Preferably, the overallthickness of the capacitor used in the present invention is less thanabout 0.05 inches, and more preferably less than about 0.01 inches, evenmore preferably less than about 0.003 inches. The presence of additionalprotective layers, however, may increase the overall thickness of thenail capacitive system.

An example of how to create a capacitive nail system in accordance withanother embodiment of the present invention will now be described usingFIGS. 8-11. A conductive base layer 310 is secured to the fingernail asshown in FIG. 8. The conductive base layer 310 may be made of a metallicfoil (e.g., made of gold, copper, silver, and/or other conductivemetals), and it may be secured using an adhesive or other bonding agent.The metallic foil with a pre-applied adhesive may also be used. Ofcourse, the conductive base layer 310 may be formed of other conductivematerials, including, conductive ink, and other liquid, conductivematerials that may be dried and/or cured to form a conductive layer. Alayer of dielectric medium 320 is then secured on top of the conductivebase layer 310 as shown in FIG. 9. The dielectric medium may be appliedin a variety of known ways using known dielectric materials, and it iscontemplated that the dielectric medium 320 may even be formed in place.One of skill in the art will appreciate that the surface area of theconductive base layer 310 is adjusted based on the dielectric constantof the dielectric material used to form layer 320, and the thickness oflayer 320 to be formed. One of skill in the art will adjust thesemeasures to ensure that the capacitive fingernail system has sufficientcapacity to store an effective amount of charge to permit the fingernailto successfully interact with a capacitive touchscreen. Generallyspeaking, it is preferred that the overall thickness of the dielectriclayer be about the same or less than the thickness of a conventionalartificial nail, and even more desirable that it be about the same orless than the thickness of a conventional coat of nail polish.Preferably, the total thickness of the dielectric layer for use in thepresent invention is less than about 0.02 inches, and more preferablyless than about 0.005 inches, and even more preferably less than 0.001inches.

A conductive top layer 330 is then secured on top of the dielectricmedium 320 to form a capacitive nail system 350 as shown in FIG. 10. Theconductive top layer 330 may be made of a metallic foil (e.g., made ofgold, copper, silver, and/or other conductive metals), and it may besecured using a conductive adhesive or other bonding agent. The metallicfoil with a pre-applied adhesive may also be used. Of course, theconductive top layer 330 may be formed of other conductive materials,including, conductive ink, and other liquid, conductive materials thatmay be dried and/or cured to form a conductive layer. While theconductive top layer 330 is illustrated as covering substantially thearea occupied by the dielectric medium, a conductive top layer 330 couldbe utilized that covers not only the area occupied by the dielectricmedium 320, but also at least a distal portion of the fingernail (notillustrated). In the case illustrated, however, an additional conductivelayer 340 is secured on top of the conductive top layer 330 to form thecapacitive nail system 350 as shown in FIG. 11. Optionally, one or morelayers of conductive compositions may be applied on top of theconductive base layer 310 prior to the application of the dielectricmedium 320. Similarly, one or more layers of conductive compositions maybe applied on top of dielectric medium 320 and/or the conductive toplayer 330. For ease of illustration, the conductive base layer 310 isillustrating as not making contact with the skin surrounding thefingernail, while the conductive top layer 330 is illustrated ascovering substantially the entire nail surface. Preferably, all layersof the present system will avoid contact with the skin surrounding thefingernail. At most, only one of the conductive base layer 310 andconductive top layer 330 (if any) should be in contact with the skinsurrounding the finger nail because skin is conductive, and if bothlayers were in contact, then little to no electrical energy would bestored in the capacitive device. Optionally, one or more non-conductivelayers may be applied to the fingernail, provided, however, that thedistal end of the capacitive nail system remains exposed and conductivesuch that it can effectively engage a capacitive touchscreen. Generallyspeaking, it is preferred that the overall thickness of the capacitor beabout the same or less than the thickness of a conventional artificialnail, and even more desirable that it be about the same or less than thethickness of a conventional coat of nail polish. Preferably, the overallthickness of the capacitor used in the present invention is less thanabout 0.05 inches, and more preferably less than about 0.01 inches, evenmore preferably less than about 0.003 inches. The presence of additionalprotective layers, however, may increase the overall thickness of thenail capacitive system.

An example of how to create a capacitive nail system in accordance withanother embodiment of the present invention will now be described usingFIGS. 12-15. A capacitive device 405, such as a pre-manufacturedcapacitor or other electrical energy storing device, is secured to thefingernail as shown in FIG. 12. The capacitive device 405 has a firstconductive contact and a second conductive contact, said firstconductive contact being secured to the nail using an adhesive or otherbonding agent. To form a capacitive fingernail system 450, a conductivetop layer 415 is secured to the second conductive contact of thecapacitive device 405, which second conductive contact is illustrated inFIG. 13 as being on an upper surface of the device 405. Preferably theconductive top layer 415 extends to the distal end of the finger nail asillustrated in FIG. 13 such that it can effectively engage with acapacitive touchscreen. Optionally, one or more additional conductivetop coats 440 are applied to the fingernail on top of the conductive toplayer 15 and possibly over the capacitive device 405 as illustrated inFIG. 14. Optionally, as shown in FIG. 15, an additional conductive layer445 may be applied to the underside of the fingernail, which is inelectrical communication with the conductive top layer 415 andconductive top coat 440. While conductive layer 445 is illustrated ascovering only a distal portion of the underside of a fingernail, it iscontemplated that conductive layer 445 may extend the length of theunderside of the fingernail. Preferably, the conductive layer 445 avoidscontact with the skin, and thus would stop short of making contact withthe skin. In addition, while conductive top layer 415 is illustrated asa single member, it is contemplated that conductive top layer 415 mayalso comprise a metallic foil located at the distal end of thefingernail in combination with an electrical path that electricallycouples the metallic foil and the second conductive contact ofcapacitive device 405. The capacitive device utilized in this embodimentis selected based on its ability to store sufficient electrical energyto permit the capacitive device to effectively engage a capacitivetouchscreen. Generally speaking, it is preferred that the overallthickness of the capacitor be about the same or less than the thicknessof a conventional artificial nail, and even more desirable that it beabout the same or less than the thickness of a conventional coat of nailpolish. Preferably, the total thickness of the capacitive device is lessthan about 0.02 inches, and more preferably less than about 0.005inches, and even more preferably less than 0.001 inches.

An example of how to create a capacitive nail system in accordance withanother embodiment of the present invention will now be described usingFIGS. 16-19. A capacitive device 405, such as a pre-manufacturedcapacitor or other electrical energy storage device, is secured to thefingernail as shown in FIG. 16. The capacitive device 405 has a firstconductive contact and a second conductive contact, said firstconductive contact being secured to the nail using an adhesive or otherbonding agent. To form a capacitive fingernail system 450, a conductivetop layer 415 is secured to the second conductive contact of thecapacitive device 405, which second conductive contact is illustrated inFIG. 13 as being on an upper surface of the device 405. Preferably theconductive top layer 415 extends to the distal end of the finger nail asillustrated in FIG. 13 such that it can effectively engage with acapacitive touchscreen. Optionally, one or more additional conductivetop coats 440 are applied to the fingernail on top of the conductive toplayer 15 and possibly over the capacitive device 405 as illustrated inFIG. 14. Optionally, as shown in FIG. 15, an additional conductive layer445 may be applied to the underside of the fingernail, which is inelectrical communication with the conductive top layer 415 andconductive top coat 440. While conductive layer 445 is illustrated ascovering only a distal portion of the underside of a fingernail, it iscontemplated that conductive layer 445 may extend the length of theunderside of the fingernail. Preferably, the conductive layer 445 avoidscontact with the skin, and thus would stop short of making contact withthe skin. In addition, while conductive top layer 415 is illustrated asa single member, it is contemplated that conductive top layer 415 mayalso comprise a metallic foil located at the distal end of thefingernail in combination with an electrical path that electricallycouples the metallic foil and the second conductive contact ofcapacitive device 405. The capacitive device utilized in this embodimentis selected based on its ability to store an effective amount ofelectrical energy to effectively engage a capacitive touchscreen.Generally speaking, it is preferred that the overall thickness of thecapacitive device be about the same or less than the thickness of aconventional artificial nail, and even more desirable that it be aboutthe same or less than the thickness of a conventional coat of nailpolish. Preferably, the total thickness of the capacitive device is lessthan about 0.02 inches, and more preferably less than about 0.005inches, and even more preferably less than 0.001 inches.

An example of how to create a capacitive nail system in accordance withanother embodiment of the present invention will now be described usingFIGS. 20-23. A capacitive device 605, such as a pre-manufacturedcapacitor or other electrical energy storing device, is secured to theunderside of the fingernail as shown in FIG. 20. The capacitive device605 has a first conductive contact and a second conductive contact, saidfirst conductive contact being secured to the underside of thefingernail using an adhesive or other bonding agent. To form acapacitive fingernail system 650, a conductive top layer 615 is securedto the second conductive contact of the capacitive device 605, whichsecond conductive contact is illustrated in FIG. 21 as being on an uppersurface of the device 605. Preferably the conductive top layer 615extends to the distal end of the finger nail as illustrated in FIG. 22such that it can effectively engage with a capacitive touchscreen.Optionally, one or more additional conductive top coats 640 are appliedto the fingernail on top of the conductive top layer 615 and possiblyover the capacitive device 605 as illustrated in FIG. 22. Optionally, asshown in FIG. 23, an additional non-conductive, protective layer 655 maybe applied to the underside of the fingernail to cover at least aportion of the underside, but leaving the distal portion of the nailexposed so that it can conduct electrical energy to engage with atouchscreen. The capacitive device utilized in this embodiment isselected based on its ability to store an effective amount of electricalenergy to effectively engage a capacitive touchscreen. Preferably, thetotal thickness of the capacitive device is small enough to fitcomfortably under the fingernail, and preferably less than about 0.02inches, and more preferably less than about 0.005 inches, and even morepreferably less than 0.001 inches.

For those embodiments that utilize pre-manufactured capacitive devices,it is preferred that the capacitive device be pre-shaped to incorporatea curved surface that can be easily conformed to the natural curvatureof a fingernail. This will facilitate mounting and help ensure thedevice can be worn comfortably by the user. Conventional semiconductorlaminating techniques can be used to form capacitors and othercapacitive devices of desired geometries.

It is known that capacitive touchscreens can be programed to take intoconsideration the size and shape of the area of contact in order toanalyze the nature and location of the touch. Thus, it is contemplatedthat the present invention could be utilized with a software driver thatpermits the touchscreen device to be reprogramed to better processcontact that is registered by using a capacitive nail system of thepresent invention. Specifically, the software would provide informationthat would help recognize and process information related to finger nailimpressions that are registered on the touchscreen. It is alsocontemplated that the claimed kits may include a software driver thatcan be used to reprogram the processor for the touchscreen device inorder to recognize and process the shapes that will likely be registeredwhen a user contacts a capacitive touchscreen with a fingernail. Thedriver may take the form of instructions and/or data to be used by theprocessor associated with the user's touchscreen device in order toprocess shapes and patterns specific to fingernails.

Traditional nail coatings can be used in conjunction with the inventionsdescribed above. Such nail coatings generally include two types: atraditional polish type, which cures by solvent evaporation; and apolymer type, which cures by chemical reaction and/or radiation (e.g.,visible and ultraviolet light). Polymer type materials include, forexample, powder/liquid systems, as well as gel systems. Gel systems mayutilize a gel that is be brushed onto the nails, cured, and shaped tocreate lifelike artificial nails. Gel systems are relatively easy touse, take less time for application, are lightweight, have minimal odor,are durable, and may have a high gloss appearance.

Such traditional polish and polymer compositions are well known. Forexample, Ellingson (U.S. Pat. No. 6,306,375 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,136,300)discloses a variety of nail polish compositions having different surfaceproperties. Ellingson (U.S. Pat. No. 6,123,931) discloses polyurethaneand polyacryl nail polish compositions that can be used as coatings fornails as well as methods of use. Farer (U.S. Pat. No. 6,656,483)discloses cosmetic compositions containing polyurethane for applicationto the skin and nails. Farer (U.S. Pat. No. 6,156,325) and Carrion etal, (U.S. Pat. No. 6,555,096 and related US Patent Publication20020102222) disclose various enamel compositions for use on nails.Haile (WO2011011304) discloses a variety of curable gel-based nailcompositions that can be used as nail coating. Lilley (U.S. Pat. Nos.6,391,938, 6,599,958 and 6,803,394) discloses a variety of visible andultraviolet-cured nail coatings that are applied to natural nails and/orartificial nails. Smith et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 6,080,414) discloses filmsand kits that can be used as polishes for nails. The present inventioncontemplates use of these and other compositions for use with nails. Alldocuments referred to above, including all patents, patent applications,and printed publications, are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentirety, including without limitation, those passages that relate tocompositions for use as nail polishes and other nail coatings.

Conductive compositions as referenced above, including conductivecompositions for use on the human body are also well known in the art.For example, Jersey-Willuhn (U.S. Pat. No. 7,169,107) discloses variousconductive compositions, including conductive adhesives and inkcompositions. Conductive materials useful with the present invention canbe composed of silver/silver chloride, although other conductivematerials may be used including carbon, gold, electrically conductivecomposites, metallics, conductive polymers, foils, films, and inks.Other suitable conductive materials include wires, platinum, aluminum,silicone rubber conductive materials with nickel-graphite compounds,nanopowders and proteins, graphite conductive wires, and the like. Forexample, a conductive ink layer which is a silver-based conductor can becured on an intermediate material that is then secured to thefingernail. Conductive inks are typically silver, gold, and carbon inkscomposed of thermoplastic polymer-based materials that are screenprinted and dried or cured. When the ink is dried and all solvent isremoved, the printed area becomes electrically conductive. Cured inkshave useful properties of low resistivity and thus high conductivitypermitting very low voltage applications, flexibility, and adhesion. Ifdesired, conductive inks are highly adhesive to various substratematerials such as polyester and mylar. Conductive thin films, made forexample, using silver nanowires, could also be used to form conductivelayers for use in the present invention. Allemand (U.S. PatentPublication No. 20110045272) discloses methods and compositions forproducing conductive, thin films of purified nanostructures (e.g.,silver nanowires). Jonas (U.S. Pat. No. 5,035,926) discloses conductivepolymer compounds and methods for making thin films. The patentsreferred to above are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentirety, including without limitation, those passages that relate toconductive compositions and conductive inks.

It is contemplated that the various top coats that are described hereincan be applied in a variety of known ways, including as a polish. Thepolish can be clear, tinted, opaque, translucent, metallic, opalescent,shimmering and/or combinations thereof. Once dried or cured, the finishmay be matte, shiny or flat.

Preferably the inventions described herein, once applied to the nail,will have the appearance of a natural nail or of an aestheticallypleasing ornament applied to a nail. This can be achieved by a varietyof ways including flesh-toned colored layers, or by disguising theinvention as a decorative feature on the nail, for example, as adecorative decal on the surface of the nail. The capacitive storagedevice may itself be formed in an aesthetically pleasing shape, such asa symbol or other recognized shape.

In one embodiment, the capacitive nail system is installed upon a distalportion the nail. In another embodiment, the capacitive element of thecapacitive nail system is installed upon a proximal portion of the nailwith a conductive element at the distal portion of the nail that is inelectrical communication with the capacitive element, such that at leasta portion of the energy stored in the capacitive system can be detectedat the distal portion of the nail. Preferably, the system is installedsuch that it is spaced a small distance away from the point at whichskin contacts the fingernail, in much the same way that a manicuristwill stop just short of the skin when applying polish to the nail. Inyet another embodiment, the capacitive nail system is installed to coversubstantially all of the surface area of the nail.

Optionally, an additional conductive layer may be applied to the side ofthe fingernail that is opposite the capacitive storage device, whichadditional conductive layer is in electrical communication with thecapacitive storage system. The purpose of this additional conductivelayer is to provide an additional contact space on the distal tip of thefingernail so as to improve the ability of the finger nail toeffectively engage with the touchscreen.

It is contemplated that the capacitive fingernail systems of the presentinvention will be charged through ordinary, everyday activity. Where thesystems are created, it may be desirable to charge the devices with aneffective amount of electrical energy to permit them to immediately beable to interact with a capacitive touch screen. It is also contemplatedthat the devices when manufactured or created before being installed ona fingernail may also be charged with an effective amount of electricalenergy to enable them to interact with a capacitive touch screenimmediately after installation on a fingernail. Pre-charging would beparticularly useful, for example, when fingernail capacitive systems aresold as part of a kit.

While examples of conductive layers are provided herein, including forexample, metallic foils (e.g., made of gold, copper, silver, and/orother conductive metals), and conductive inks, it is contemplated thatother conductive materials may be used. Preferably, the conductivematerials are flesh-toned in color, and more preferably, the conductivematerials are clear so as to appear to be invisible on the wearer'sfingernail.

While examples of dielectric mediums are provided herein, it iscontemplated that other dielectric mediums may be used. Preferably, thedielectric mediums are flesh-toned in color, and more preferably, thedielectric mediums are clear so as to appear to be invisible on thewearer's fingernail.

While the present invention has been illustrated in connection with asingle fingernail, it is contemplated that the present invention couldbe utilized for one, two, or more of the user's fingers. The benefits ofthe present invention can be realized by use of the present invention ona single finger of a user.

Although several embodiments of this invention have been described abovewith a certain degree of particularity, those skilled in the art couldmake numerous alterations to the disclosed embodiments without departingfrom the spirit or scope of this invention. All directional references(e.g., upper, lower, upward, downward, left, right, leftward, rightward,top, bottom, above, below, vertical, horizontal, clockwise, andcounterclockwise) are only used for identification purposes to aid thereader's understanding of the present invention, and do not createlimitations, particularly as to the position, orientation, or use of theinvention. Joinder references (e.g., attached, coupled, connected, andthe like) are to be construed broadly and may include intermediatemembers between a connection of elements and relative movement betweenelements. As such, joinder references do not necessarily infer that twoelements are directly connected and in fixed relation to each other. Itis intended that all matter contained in the above description or shownin the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative onlyand not limiting. Changes in detail or structure may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appendedclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A capacitive fingernail system adapted to fit ona fingernail and for use with a capacitive touchscreen, said systemcomprising: a. a conductive base layer that is secured to thefingernail; b. a dielectric medium on top of the conductive base layer;and c. a conductive top layer that is located on top of the dielectricmedium; wherein the capacitive fingernail system stores an effectiveamount of charge to permit the fingernail to successfully interact witha capacitive touchscreen.